Factors affecting the elicitation of vocal responses from coyotes Canis latrans

摘要: Long-distance vocalizations by canids play an important role in communication among individuals, and researchers have elicited these to estimate canid occurrence relative abundance. We evaluated the efficacy of broadcasted coyote Canis latrans group-yip calls gray wolf C. lupus lone howls elicit vocal responses from 18 GPS-collared coyotes on 144 occasions Michigan's Upper Peninsula during August-September 2009 June-September 2010-2011. each call type using mixed-effects logistic regression models with time (month), residency status (resident or transient), presence territory, sex, distance, movement as fixed effects hypothesized influence response rates. The individual year were included random effects. Overall, type, sex territory did not affect rates; however, respond at distances > 2.0 km. Resident co...