Insulin Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation

摘要: This chapter will consider the role of regulatory protein phosphorylation in sequence reactions intermediate between insulin binding at cell surface, and distal biologic effects. The major actions vivo physiologic roles (at least postnatal life) have been understood for some time (CAHILL 1971): as primary hormone energy storage adult mammals, insulin’s dual are directed toward promoting nutrient entry assimilation into macromolecules/storage forms (anabolism), well inhibiting breakdown these macromolecules/energy stores their release circulation oxidation by tissues (anticatabolism). changes cellular physiology skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue STEINER 1972), which determine integrated response described. situation is unique among hormones act through receptor tyrosine kinases; so-called growth factors intact organism largely unknown, although plausible scenarios can be constructed several, e.g., IGF-I PDGF. It was anticipated that because physiologically relevant molecular targets regulation could clearly identified (e.g., glucose transport enzymes regulating glycogen, fatty acid, triglyceride metabolism), pertinent components intracellular signaling pathway, couple kinase to targets, would also most readily system. Although this supposition may yet prove true, progress has steady (CZECH 1985; BELFRAGE et al. 1986 b; ROSEN 1987, GOREN 1988), it still not possible enumerate complete series steps activation any responses.