For Money or Glory? Commercialization, Competition, and Secrecy in the Entrepreneurial University

摘要: Scholars have grown concerned that the commercialization of academic science is increasing secrecy at expense cooperation and information sharing. Using data from comparable surveys scientists in three fields (experimental biology, mathematics, physics), we test whether become more competitive secretive over last 30 years. We also use recent survey to a multivariate model effects scientific competition (patenting, industry funding, collaboration) on secrecy. find has increased, increased particularly for experimental biologists. Only 13 percent biologists 1998 felt safe discussing their ongoing research with all others doing similar work. Our analysis shows this most related concerns about being anticipated (scientific competition). patenting associated among mathematicians physicists, but not funding secrecy, while collaboration less across fields. results suggest concern merit. However, seems result combination commercial linkages pressures competition. highlights central role scientists' priority plays system that, such spurs effort, it produces negative trends toward seem be exacerbating.