Real Impediments to Academic Biomedical Research

摘要: Numerous scholars have expressed concern over the growing "privatization of scientific commons" represented by growth in academic patenting. Even before Bayh-Dole Act and pervasive patenting science, however, there was an earlier extent to which drive for recognition among scientists competition priority associated rewards also limited contributions commons. This suggests utility a more open-ended consideration different factors-not just patenting-that might affect knowledge flows across scientists. In this paper, we use simple economic perspective that emphasizes benefits costs excluding others from research results analyze empirical evidence on exclusion biomedical research. We suggest, first, one distinguish between legal practical (i.e., lower cost) excludability-and excludability, at least world research, may little do with paten...