Phenotypic changes of acid-adapted cancer cells push them toward aggressiveness in their evolution in the tumor microenvironment.

摘要: The inter- and intra-tumoral metabolic phenotypes of tumors are heterogeneous, this is related to microenvironments that select for increased glycolysis. Increased glycolysis leads decreased pH, these local microenvironment effects lead further selection. Hence, heterogeneity an indirect consequence altering during carcinogenesis. In early stages growth, stratified, with the most aggressive cells developing within acidic interior tumor. However, eventually find themselves at tumor edge, where they invade into normal tissue via acid-mediated invasion. We believe acid adaptation evolution cancer in their niche a Rubicon that, once crossed, allows outcompete stromal tissue. study, we illustrate some acid-induced phenotypic changes due acidosis resulting more aggressiveness invasiveness cells.