Preoperative chemoradiotherapy in the management of localized rectal cancer: the new standard.

摘要: Combined-modality therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy is the recommended management strategy for patients with stage II III rectal cancer. Adjuvant radiotherapy has been used to improve upon historically high pelvic recurrence rates. Both preoperative postoperative radiation treatment strategies have extensively studied. However, recently published 5-year results randomized German CAO/ARO/AIO 94 trial vs. chemoradiotherapy support a standard approach. Randomized trials also demonstrated that addition significantly enhances tumor downstaging, pathologic response, local control over alone. The role concurrent chemoradiotherapy, investigation novel systemic biologic agents (capecitabine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, cetuximab) other key issues in localized cancer are discussed.