Indications and surgical alternatives for palliation of rectal cancer.

摘要: The goals of palliation rectal cancer are relief disabling symptoms and maximizing quality life. Surgical intervention is appropriate in specific situations, where the selected procedure chosen based on likelihood achieving these goals, balanced against morbidity recognition patient’s limited life expectancy. Locally unresectable may be treated by transanal procedures obstruction major feature; techniques used include local resection, self-expanding metal stents, laser debulking tumor lumen compromised. As well, colostomy with or without external beam radiation therapy but preferred when unsuitable. Resective such as anterior proctosigmoidectomy anastomosis, Hartmann’s abdominoperineal excision fit patients clearance possible longevity expectations deemed reasonable—e.g., six months more. Decisions for performing restorative risk assessment anastomotic leak anal function. In rare cases, palliative exenteration an option, although controversial. Recognition contraindications to resection will minimize lethal complications procedures.