Composition of the redox environment of the endoplasmic reticulum and sources of hydrogen peroxide.

摘要: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a metabolically active organelle, which has central role in proteostasis by translating, modifying, folding, and occasionally degrading secretory membrane proteins. lumen of the ER represents separate compartment eukaryotic cell, with characteristic proteome metabolome. Although redox metabolome have not been holistically explored, it evident that proper conditions are necessary for functioning many luminal pathways. These defined local oxidoreductases transport electron donors acceptors. main carriers identical those other organelles: glutathione, pyridine flavin nucleotides, ascorbate, others. However, their composition, concentration, state can be different from observed compartments. terminal oxidases oxidative protein folding generate maintain an "oxidative environment" oxidizing thiols producing hydrogen peroxide. ER-specific mechanisms reutilize peroxide as acceptor folding. mechanisms, together kinetic barriers, guarantee systems reduced or oxidized present simultaneously lumen. knowledge on vivo rather limited; development new genetically encoded targetable sensors measurement than thiol/disulfide will contribute to better understanding homeostasis.