The evolutionary divergence of STAT transcription factor in different Anopheles species

摘要: Anopheles mosquito transmits Plasmodium, the malaria causing parasite. Different species of dominate in a particular geographical location and are capable transmitting specific strains Plasmodium. It is important to understand biology different anophelines control parasite transmission. STAT an evolutionary conserved transcription factor that regulates development African vector gambiae. Unlike Drosophila Aedes aegypti, where single gene plays role immunity, An. gambiae contains one STAT-A another retro-duplicated, introns-less STAT-B gene. To find out whether other also have two STATs, available genomic data were used annotate their STATs through silico analyses. Our results revealed Indian stephensi genome AsSTAT-A AsSTAT-B genes. These genes cloned confirmed by sequencing. Both AsSTATs found be expressed stages mosquito. However, relative mRNA levels always higher than retroduplicated pathway was activated upon Plasmodium berghei infection, indicated its immunity. Furthermore, comparative analysis eighteen five species: sinensis, albimanus, darlingi, dirus andAn. farauti do not contain genome. Interestingly, thirteen subgenus Cellia both mutually diverged. This consequence leads sequence variability some significant protein motifs within Phylogenetic analyses independent, lineage-specific duplication occurred after diversification series Neomyzomyia from last common ancestor. In atroparvus (subgenus Anopheles), underwent recent give rise highly similar suggested genetic divergence various might appeared due adaptations altered environmental conditions or pathogen encounters.