Assessment of Threat Status in the Northern Woodlands of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia: Indicator for Management Effectiveness

摘要: The present study was carried out to identify the types and quantify magnitude of human disturbances in six forest patches northern Bale Mountains, southeast Ethiopia. principal objective compare three protected within Mountains National Park with unprotected outside park terms severity human-induced disturbances. Data collected along five 1-km long transects each patch. Eight major disturbance were identified quantified patches: settlement, agriculture, selective logging, livestock herbivory, fuel wood collection, charcoal production, path/track formation forest-fire. Results showed some degree all patches, grazing being most widespread. Crop settlement making, however, only recorded patches. Sixty percent 47% these crop cultivation houses respectively, covering 40% ha -1 .  characterized by significantly higher level incidences logged trees , collection herbivory compared For tree this difference however observed for recent years (estimated be 10 cm) than smaller trees. Generally areas had reduced as indicated low logging activity. This is a positive indicator effective management practices area.  Key Words: Disturbance, Logging, Management effectiveness, Threat