3 Structure and Pathology of the Blood–Brain Barrier

摘要: The presence of a blood-brain barrier to protein (BBB) was recognized as early 1885. However, it not until electron microscopy became available that the structural components BBB were localized cerebral endothelium. Fewer endothelial caveolae and circumferential tight junctions at interendothelial spaces constitute anatomic substrate protein. Further technological advances in last few decades have resulted discovery numerous proteins This chapter provides information about many these what is known their role during breakdown brain diseases. pathogenesis has be understood before therapy can designed control subsequent edema various List Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ADP, Adenosine diphosphate; AF-6, ALL-1 fusion partner from chromosome 6; Ang, Angiopoietin; ATP, triphosphate; BBB, Blood-brain barrier; Ca-ATPase, Calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase; CNS, Central nervous system; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; CT, Computed tomography; EAE, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; G-protein, Membrane receptor; GBM, Glioblastoma multiforme; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-Macrophage-colony stimulating factor; GTPase, Guanosine 5’-triphosphate; HGF, Hepatocyte growth 7H6, Tight junction-associated antigen; HIV-1, Human immunodeficiency virus-1; HRP, Horseradish peroxidase; Ig, Immunoglobulin; IL, Interleukin; JAM, Junctional adhesion molecule; Mg, Magnesium; MMP, Matrix metalloproteinases; MW, Molecular weight; NEF, N-ethyl maleimide; Nm, Nanometers; NSF, NEF-sensitive PECAM-1, Platelet/Endothelial cell molecules; SF, Scatter SNAP, Soluble NSF attachment protein; v-SNARE, Vesicle-associated SNAP VAMP-2, membrane protein-2; Ser/Thr kinase, Serine/Threonine kinase; Tie2, Tyrosine kinase with Immunoglobulin-like loops epidermal factor homology domains; TGF, Transforming TNF, Tumor necrosis UTP, Uridine VCAM, Vascular VEGF, ZO, Zonula occludens