摘要: > ‘Nought from the Greeks towards me hath sped well. > > So now I find that ancient proverb true, Foes’ gifts are no gifts: profit bring they none.’ (Sophocles, 496–406 BC, in Ajax ) The aim of GP commissioning is quite rightly aligned to wider issues surrounding cost containment health care. Of necessity, this implies a budget and list items be purchased. Implicit language purchasing assumption high degree control on behalf purchaser. Control predictability direct ability influence volatility. Does implied level hold true care? To understand financial risk by commissioning, therefore, firstly an understanding volatility associated with healthcare costs. Low means low ease forecasting, while uncertain forecasting future demand. Volatility determined two factors. First, simple random variation around average and, second, additional due linkage between weather (changes temperature, pressure, humidity, rainfall, patterns), environment (viruses, epidemics, pollution, water hardness/softness, background radon levels, any other variable potential effect health), expression illness disease their widest sense. Simple largely set Poisson statistics, which describe range outcomes for whole number events; is, 107 admissions or 223 outpatient attendances. By definition standard deviation (a measure volatility) distribution equal …