Fish B lymphocytes: Defining their form and function

摘要: Abstract Fish B lymphocytes have been defined, as in mammalian systems, those that express immunoglobulin on their surface and secrete specific antibody response to antigenic stimuli. Such cells identified a number of fish species. However, the physical characterization these cells, distribution, form response, product itself not precisely followed paradigm. The implications unique features cell function are focus this review. phenotype possible distinct subpopulations discussed. origin lymphocyte is still great enigma. developmental ontological pathway(s) taken by progenitors virtually unknown, but considerable data accrued allow investigators postulate sources such lymphocytic stem (i.e. bone marrow equivalents), anterior kidney. As opposed development nature intercellular cooperation lymphokine requirements for an seem parallel counterparts quite closely. Finally, coordination all factors, products into complex function, generation immunological memory, present excellent venue comparative immunologists. In expression highly regulated process, demonstrated some basic similarities mammals, differ other important features. Understanding how circumvented need aspects memory allows us only understand enables place functions broader context. analyses will provide new theoretical approaches understanding well immune responses.