Serum biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of type 1 diabetes.

摘要: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) culminates in the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic βcells, leading to insufficient production insulin and development hyperglycemia. Serum biomarkers including a combination glucose, glycated molecules, C-peptide, autoantibodies have been well established for diagnosis T1D. However, these molecules often mark late stage disease when ∼90% insulin-producing β-cells already lost. With prevalence T1D increasing worldwide because physical psychological burden induced by this disease, there is great need prognostic predict or progression. This would allow us identify individuals at high risk early prevention intervention. Therefore, considerable efforts dedicated understanding etiology discovery novel last few decades. The advent high-throughput sensitive "-omics" technologies study proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites allowed large scale profiling protein expression gene changes patients relative disease-free controls. In review, we briefly discuss classical diagnostic but mainly focus on that are identified as markers β-cell screened with use state-of-the-art technologies.