Parthenogenesis and activation of mammalian oocytes for in vitro embryo production: A review

摘要: Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction found in females, where growth and development embryos occurs without fertilization by male. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally aphids, Daphnia, rotifers, nematodes and some other invertebrates but can also be induced efficiently mammalian oocytes providing appropriate stimuli invitro. Recently, parthenogenesis has attracted wide attention because the role activated field research that have been described such as intra cytoplasmic sperm injection, cloning nuclear transfer, somatic cell cloning, investigating culture conditions etc. & potential for deriving pluripotent stem lines their differentiation into various utilized tissue engineering applications. The parthenogenetically possess maternal genome and developed to either haploid, diploid or polyploidy with the help it we analyze possible all genes involved in imprinting processes well paternal genome plays during early embryo development comparing them with fertilized embryos. Several methods are able induce parthenogenetic activation through elevation cytoplasmic free calcium oocytes. But one common, universal method activation agents not been species because process is highly specific each species. Therefore, step need to optimized accordingly. This review describes general genomic imprinting analysis.