SPARTICUS: Small Particles in Cirrus Science and Operations Plan

摘要: From a mass-weighted perspective, cirrus clouds exert an enormous influence on the radiative energy budget of earth’s climate system. Owing to their location in cold upper troposphere, can significantly reduce outgoing longwave radiation while, at same time, remaining relatively transmissive solar energy. Thus, are only cloud genre that direct warming system (Ackerman et al. 1988). It is not surprising, therefore, general circulation models (GCMs) especially sensitive presence model atmosphere. Lohmann and Roeckner (1995), for instance, show sensitivity vary by as much 40% due properties varying between transparent opaque limits. (1995) also identify key feedback often overlooked; longer time scales heating troposphere act maintain modulate atmosphere through accelerating subtropical polar jet streams. Understanding these mechanisms representing them complicated fact over dynamic range compared most other clouds.