Intracellular Signaling in Cancer

摘要: Cancer genes that encode protein kinases are the most commonly mutated class of to be causally linked progressive outgrowth malignant neoplasms. Protein operate as important molecular switches impinge, directly or indirectly, upon an integrated signaling circuitry often becomes genetically reprogrammed, through successive mutations, transmit many growth-stimulating and survival signals govern transformation normal human cells into a cancerous cell mass. Of 291 recently included in comprehensive catalog known cancer genes, 9.3% (27 distinct genes) kinase domain sequences. This number far exceeds random prediction 6.3 (2%) reinforces hypothesis vast majority carry genetic defects growth-signaling enable these grow autonomously evade cellular senescence death. First, we provide general overview prototypical circuit detailed analysis canonical Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, because it has central role signaling. is followed by discussion each cancer; will describe organization function(s) protein, its oncogenic alterations how this alters activity, identify tumor/cancer types which changes common. Keywords: Cancer Gene; Chromosomal Translocation; Human Kinome; Kinase Domain; Neoplasm