Epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of low back pain

摘要: Low back pain affects a minority of individuals over 65 years age. Four after the onset sciatica, number working is independent their workers' compensation status. A complex interaction metalloproteinases, cytokines, chondrocytes, and macrophages are necessary for resorption herniated intervertebral discs. Positional magnetic resonance imaging in seated extended posture identifies foraminal narrowing that not visualized with conventional studies. Compression associated cauda equina syndrome must be reversed within 48 hours to preserve neurologic function. The gene transforming growth factor can transferred discs, resulting increased proteogylcan production rabbit animal model. An aerobic exercise program as effective more expensive programs treatment chronic low pain. Complementary therapies, willow bark magnets, have marginal benefit Surgical intervention results improved function spinal stenosis patients.