Tetherin/BST-2: Restriction Factor or Immunomodulator?

摘要: Background Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses are critical for the control of HIV-1 infection and their importance was highlighted by existence viral proteins, particularly Vpu Nef, that antagonize these responses. Pandemic counteracts Tetherin/BST-2, a host factor could prevent release virions tethering on cell surface, but link between Tetherin CMI has not yet been demonstrated in vivo. In vitro, virological immunological impact Tetherin-mediated accumulation ranged from enhanced or diminished cell-to-cell spread to recognition virus-specific antibodies natural killer cellmediated lysis. However, Tetherin-restricted be internalized through an endocytosis motif cytoplasmic tail. Methods Given uncertainties which vitro results manifest vivo dearth knowledge how influences retroviral immunity, retrovirus infections mice encoding wild-type, null endocytosis-defective were performed. Here, we review highlight studies. Results Current data suggests functions as potent innate restriction factor. By contrast, endocytosis-competent Tetherin, form found most mammals including humans counteracted Vpu, linked stronger mice. Conclusion We propose main role is directly restrict replication, promote more effective response against retroviruses.