Iodinated blood pool contrast media for preclinical X-ray imaging applications--a review.

摘要: The in vivo X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a very powerful and non-invasive tool used to establish high-resolution images with isotropic voxels typical scan times ranging from minutes tenths of minutes. This preclinical imaging technology primarily adapted visualize bones. soft tissues made possible by using opaque compounds, providing contrast through tissue vascularization. Thus, control agents long-lasting time the blood, active or passive targeting small animals. In this respect, use hydrophilic iodinated media remains limited due their rapid blood clearance, albeit at slightly slower pace humans as compared rodents. development an medium increased vascular residence thus necessary. precisely scope present paper, which will review compare detail different vectors long-circulating for micro-CT, i.e. liposomes, nano-emulsions, micelles, dendrimers other polymeric particles. discussion focused, each these nanoparticulate systems, on method formulation production, stability properties, encapsulation release pharmacokinetics, toxicology. aspects relative adaptation properties physico-chemical characteristics pool aimed angiographic micro-CT applications are also discussed. aim propose overview into applications.