Vaccination against ectoparasites

摘要: Ectoparasites of livestock are great economic and social importance but their effective control remains difficult. The feasibility vaccination as a novel measure was established over decade ago with the commercial release recombinant vaccine against cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Since then, research has continued on ticks other ectoparasites. While some ectoparasite species will undoubtedly be refractory to immunological control, for others there been steady accumulation knowledge partially protective antigens, now accelerating through application genomic technologies. Nevertheless, progress towards usable, commercially available vaccines limited by number factors. highly antigens is still very small. Although classes antigen have investigated in more detail than others, we no systematic what distinguishes an antigen. Much hope placed potential multi-antigen mixtures deliver efficacy required successful little experimental evidence. current across parasite host needs explored done. In most cases, path delivery uncertain. many constraints challenges remain, need our capacity develop them can only increase.