Incorporating larval dispersal into MPA design for both conservation and fisheries.

摘要: Larval dispersal by ocean currents is a critical component of systematic marine protected area (MPA) design. However, there lack quantitative methods to incorporate larval in support increasingly diverse management objectives, including local population persistence under multiple types threats (primarily focused on retention within and between locations) benefits unprotected populations fisheries export from locations fishing grounds). Here, we present flexible MPA design approach that can reconcile such potentially conflicting objectives balancing various associated treatments information. We demonstrate our based alternative patterns, combinations populations, two different optimization strategies (site vs. network-based). Our outcomes highlight consistently high effectiveness selecting priority are self-replenishing, inter-connected, and/or important sources. find the opportunity balance these three attributes flexibly help not only prevent meta-population collapse, but also ensure effective recovery, with average increases number recruits at grounds least times higher than achieved standard habitat-based or ad-hoc designs. Future applications should therefore be encouraged, specifically where tools other MPAs feasible.