Simple tests as critical indicator of intra-ply shear locking

摘要: Standard finite elements can exhibit the numerical artifact of intra-plyshear locking during forming simulations. The displacement fields elementsare piecewise continuous and cannot correctly capturediscontinuities in shear field. This is illustrated insimulations bias-extension experiments with an unaligned mesh. Two simpletests were developed as a critical indicator intra-ply intriangular elements. A single-element-test shows origin anda pull-out test indicates caused by small misalignments theelements.