Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Diphenhydramine Protection of Diazinon Toxicity in Danio rerio but Not Daphnia magna

摘要: Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern present unique challenges to environmental risk assessment management. Fortunately, mammalian pharmacology toxicology safety data are more readily available for pharmaceuticals than contaminants. Identifying approaches read-across such pharmaceutical information non-target species represents a major research need assess hazards. Here, we tested biological hypothesis from emergency medicine with common aquatic invertebrate vertebrate models. In mammals, the antihistamine diphenhydramine (DPH) confers protection poisoning by acetylcholinesterase inhibition because DPH blocks acetylcholine receptor. We employed standardized toxicity methods examine individual mixture inhibitor diazinon (DZN) in Daphnia magna (an invertebrate) Danio rerio (zebrafish, vertebrate). Though Fish Embryo Toxicity method evaluates early life stage zebrafish (0–3 days post fertilization, dpf), further evaluated DPH, DZN, their equipotent during three development stages (0–3, 3–6, 7–10 dpf) embryos. Independent action concentration addition models fish plasma modeling were used assist interpretation experiments. our primary was not confirmed acute studies magna, conferred protective effect DZN when levels expected be greater therapeutic, but lower acutely lethal, internal doses. observed that timing developmental exposure influenced magnitude zebrafish, which suggests future pesticides should stages.