Pyrosequencing Characterization of the Microbiota from Atlantic Intertidal Marine Sponges Reveals High Microbial Diversity and the Lack of Co-Occurrence Patterns

摘要: Sponges are ancient metazoans that host diverse and complex microbial communities. Sponge-associated diversity has been studied from wide oceans across the globe, particularly in subtidal regions, but communities intertidal sponges have remained mostly unexplored. Here we used pyrosequencing to characterize 12 different co-occurring marine sponge species sampled Atlantic coast, revealing a total of 686 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% sequence similarity. Taxonomic assignment 16S ribosomal RNA tag sequences estimated altogether 26 groups, represented by bacterial (75.5%) archaeal (22%) domains. Proteobacteria (43.4%) Crenarchaeota (20.6%) were most dominant groups detected all ambient seawater. The microbes three Ocean had close similarity with geographically separated Red Sea sponges. Our study showed observed (73%) also found surrounding seawater suggesting possible environmental acquisition and/or horizontal transfer microbes. Beyond community structure assessments (NMDS, ADONIS, ANOSIM), explored interactions between coexisting using checkerboard score (C-score). Analyses association pattern (co-occurrence) among sympatric revealed random microbes, favoring hypothesis sponge-inhabiting recruited habitat chance or influenced factors benefit hosts.