Pathologie und Molekularbiologie gastrointestinaler Stromatumoren (GIST)

作者: H.-U. Schildhaus , S. Merkelbach-Bruse , R. Büttner , E. Wardelmann

DOI: 10.1007/S00117-009-1850-Y

关键词:

摘要: Gastrointestinale Stromatumoren (GIST) zeigen in etwa 50% der Falle einen aggressiven Phanotyp mit Rezidiven und Metastasen. Sie konnen immunhistochemisch sicher von anderen mesenchymalen Tumorentitaten unterschieden werden tragen bis zu 85% aktivierende Mutationen den Rezeptortyrosinkinasen KIT oder PDGFRA. Die Aufklarung ihrer molekularen Pathogenese hatte therapeutischen Paradigmenwechsel zur Folge. Bei inoperablen metastasierten GIST stellt die Behandlung Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren heute Goldstandard dar einer Ansprechrate 80% bei vergleichsweise geringen Nebenwirkungen. Kenntnis KIT- bzw. PDGFRA-Mutation ist dabei sowohl prognostisch als auch therapeutisch zentraler Bedeutung.

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