Current evaluation and management of renal and ureteral stones.

摘要: A systematic clinical approach is required for the diagnosis and management of renal ureteral stones. The presenting symptoms, past medical history, medications, physical examination all provide clues to urinary In acute setting, noncontrast helical computerized tomography has emerged as first line imaging test colic. More traditional tests are also important in stone disease. After making a stone, urologist should discuss advantages disadvantages treatment options with patient. For most patients today, many equally effective approaches can exist same problem. To help direct surgical management, guidelines have been devised. With technologic advances, improved complications decreased. While patient care significantly impacted by use endourologic techniques, complete following surgery assure stone-free state. addition, recurrent formers evaluation identify treatable causes their