An overview of the strategies for the deammonification process start-up and recovery after accidental operational failures

摘要: The deammonification process has been universally acknowledged as an energy-efficient technology for sewage disposal. In contrast with traditional biological nitrogen removal technology, the is able to remove ammonia from wastewater simplest because of its advantages lower operating expenses, no organic carbon consumption, biomass production, dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions. This review paper provides overview current state research development in terms strategies start-up recovery after accidental failures well model-based developments those strategies. discusses following issues: (1) status process; (2) functional microbial groups involved their synergistic competitive relationships; (3) influence operational factors, such substrates nitrite, ammonium toxic compounds, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, aeration patterns temperature, inorganic (IC), pH/free (FA)/free acid (FNA) hydraulic retention time (HRT)/solids (SRT); (4) start-up; (5) failures; (6) strategies; (7) perspectives on future trends technological applications deammonification.