Constraints and innovation in reforming national training systems – Cross‐country comparisons

摘要: This article traces the experience of countries reforming their vocational education and training policies summarizes lessons learned. It is based on a recent joint World Bank‐ILO study focussing obstacles to implementing change in systems response changing labor markets innovative approaches overcoming these constraints 19 worldwide. tracks demand‐side pressures supply‐side responses highlights some critical issues, innovations reform systems. The main messages from this are: matching instrument target group as important picking best delivery mode; government’s role facilitating provision information about has been relatively neglected; vigorous private refuted claims reluctance providers enter field; political will, not institutional capacity, obstacle comprehensive reform.