VIGILANCE IN NXAI PAN SPRINGBOK, ANTIDORCAS MARSUPIALIS

摘要: Vigilance rates were surveyed on juvenile and adult female springbok in 3 positions (close edge, center, far edge) herds of 17 to 536 Nxai Pan N.P., Botswana. Rates generally low. They decreased as group size increased but not lower when other grazers joined herds. Edge animals spent roughly twice much time vigilant central animals. Juveniles slightly less than adults this may reflect greater movement. Surprisingly, more late mornings early or afternoons. Springbok approaching tree clumps matched individuals moving the open. Preliminary data indicate that vigilance is higher at night during day territorial males have moderate low levels vigilance. In general, varied ways expected risk being taken by ambush predators such leopards.