Chromosomal alterations in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: Window to the biology of disease

摘要: Background Cytogenetic alterations underlie the development of squamous cell carcinomas head and neck (SCCHN). Because many molecular genetic changes in SCCHN result from chromosomal alterations, a complete perspective on tumors requires basic introduction to cytogenetics. This review presents brief description latest cytogenetic techniques SCCHN, their correlates, clinical implications. Results The most frequent are gains 3q, 8q, 9q, 20q, 7p, 11q13, 5p losses 3p, 9p, 21q, 5q, 13q, 18q, 8p. The karyotypes often provide an explanation for mechanism by which arose. For example, coordinate involving whole arms chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 isochromosome formation. In addition, apparent allelic imbalances may not represent loss heterozygosity but gene amplification. These results suggest that analysis is valuable placing findings at cellular level. Conclusions Cytogenetic endpoints be useful tools dissecting differences tumor behavior response therapy. Numerous studies underway examine biology will lead additional markers use as rapid, noninvasive screening methods individuals high risk primary or recurrent SCCHN. Our goal minimize morbidity mortality identifying predictors disease recurrence therapy implement earlier detection more effective prevention and/or treatment strategies. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 238–253, 2001.