Fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: Updated information from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

摘要: The association of fruit and vegetable consumption lung cancer incidence was evaluated using the most recent data from European Prospective Investigation into Cancer Nutrition (EPIC), applying a refined statistical approach (calibration) to account for measurement error potentially introduced by food frequency questionnaire data. Between 1992 2000, detailed information on diet life-style 478,590 individuals participating in EPIC collected. During median follow-up 6.4 years, 1,126 cases were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models applied evaluation. In whole study population, significantly inversely associated with risk while no found consumption. current smokers, however, decreased higher consumption; this became more pronounced after calibration, ratio (HR) being 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98) per 100 g increase daily comparison, HR 0.92 (0.85-0.99) entire cohort 0.90 (0.81-0.99) smokers. Exclusion diagnosed during first 2 years strengthened these associations, 0.71 (0.55-0.94) vegetables (smokers) 0.86 (0.78-0.95) (entire cohort). apples pears cohort) as well root (smokers). addition an overall inverse intake, results evaluation add evidence significant