Genetic susceptibility to tobacco-related cancer

摘要: Although cigarette smoking is the dominant risk factor for several epithelial cancers, only a small fraction of individuals with tobacco exposure develop cancer. The underlying hypothesis that genetic factors may render certain smokers more susceptible to cancer than others. Genetic alterations in critical regulatory pathways predispose cells carcinogenesis. These include regulation xenobiotic metabolism; control genomic stability, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and telomere length; microenvironmental factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases, inflammation growth factors. In addition, epigenetic events, promoter hypermethylation loss imprinting, are also involved this review, we will summarize recent advances susceptibility tobacco-related Emphasizing on assessment, describe how variations above-mentioned modify risk. discuss assist predicting clinical outcome, natural history treatment response. measurements by both genotypic phenotypic assays covered text. Finally, present number current concerns need be addressed exciting field molecular epidemiology rapidly.