Epilepsy and neuroprotection: an illustrated review.

摘要: Multiple types of insults, such as status epilepticus, hypoxia and trauma, may alter the central nervous system. Strategies to protect brain against insults remain a very difficult challenging problem. Damage system can be modulated via excessive excitatory reduced inhibitory neurotransmission. In addition, increased sodium calcium loading through impaired voltage-sensitive channels, well alterations in acid-base balance contribute both excitotoxic apoptotic cell death. Epilepsy treatment has always been related neuroprotection, since it aims reduce duration or totally suppress seizures. Although debate on capacity simple seizures induce neuronal injury is still ongoing, no doubt persists disastrous effects prolonged episodes status. The next step would prevent epilepsy. Several animal models have used study various aspects epileptogenic process. humans, one most compelling examples series events temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Temporal often attributed febrile convulsions childhood resulting mesial sclerosis. However, relationship between TLE, hippocampal sclerosis not apparent initially believed. Furthermore, recognized that number patients there delay from specific insult onset This "latent period" could an opportunity for effective intervention, provided underlying mechanisms are understood appropriate means beneficial modification disease process become available. present review discusses steps provides illustrations implicated Data also presented illustrated with video sequences. Finally, basis what known action available antiepileptic drugs, some suggestions put forward. Basic science research guided by clinical queries ongoing dialogue. deals only small part important amount work neuroprotection. As necessarily schematic even simplistic. designed inform clinicians about basic issues subject, thus allowing them follow participate pertinent questions. (Published sequences).