In situ and ex situ spectroelectrochemical and X-ray absorption studies on rechargeable, chemically-modified and other MnO{sub 2} materials

摘要: A combined series of in situ and ex UV spectroelectrochemical X-ray absorption studies have been made on MnO2, chemically-modified by small amounts Bi(III), comparatively other MnO2 materials such as a blank (Bi-free) γ-MnO2. These procedures are applied order to follow the oxidation-states Bi Mn during course discharge recharge battery cathode material, extents rechargeability that can be achieved with materials. The presence appears provide preferred “heterogeneous” discharge/recharge pathway involving soluble Mn(III) intermediate, over alternative “electron-proton” hopping, solid-state mechanism.