Assessing the sustainability of lead utilization in China.

摘要: Abstract Lead is not only one of heavy metals imposing environment and health risk, but also critical resource to maintain sustainable development many industries. Recently, due the shortage fossil fuels, clean energy vehicles, including electric bicycle, have emerged are widely adopted soon in world. China became world’s largest producer primary lead a very significant consumer past decade, which has strained supplies China’s deposits from lithosphere boost anthropogenic consumption metallic products. Here we summarize that demand will continually increase rapid growth vehicle, resulting short carrying duration even with full recycling. With these applications increasing at an annual rate 2%, until 2030 oblige recycling should be less than 90%. To sustain utilization China, approach would improve technology, collection system technology towards closed-loop supply chain. Other future endeavors include optimizing industrial structure new energy.