Resolving Human‐Bear Conflict: A Global Survey of Countries, Experts, and Key Factors

摘要: Human-bear conflicts cause annoyance, financial losses, injuries, and even death to people. In poorer parts of the world, with bears can affect local economies. Retaliation against may threaten future small, isolated populations. Our survey world's bear experts revealed that problem is worsening in terms severity their impact on conservation all four continents inhabited by bears. However, main drivers conflict, its manifestations, differ among species. We reviewed human-bear conflict management plans from which we identified 10 categories mitigating interventions together comprise a ubiquitous toolbox. Within this toolbox, peer-reviewed literature indicates heavy reliance education physical barriers for mitigation. customizing these general approaches circumstances, it important be mindful starkly varying geopolitical social circumstances. There pressing need improve transfer knowledge places active empirical research mitigation (especially North America), adapting methodologies other world. saw little evidence evaluation adaptive plans. Failure mitigate reduce society's tolerance diminish efforts.