Sub-nanometer distances and cluster shapes in dense hydrogen and in higher levels of hydrogen Rydberg matter by phase-delay spectroscopy

摘要: The inter-atomic distances in potassium clusters of Rydberg matter (RM) at excitation levels n B = 4–8 were recently measured by phase-delay spectroscopy (Holmlid, J Nanopart Res 12: 273, 2010). Excitation B < 4 with shorter exist for hydrogen clusters, and down to 140 pm are now this light-scattering method. studied have maximum dimensions from 0.3 nm up several tens nm, often being planar. A weak carbon dioxide laser beam interacts the a tunable RM cavity. strong fringe structure is observed as function end-grating angular position. Delay lengths derived structure, corresponding twice distance between rows or planes clusters. Good agreement predicted few previously B = 1, 2, 3 found. Close-packing main both planar 3D Planar only B = 1 3, while found 2 3. cluster–cluster stacks B = 2 first time.