Tissues injury and pathological changes in Hyla intermedia juveniles after chronic larval exposure to tebuconazole.

摘要: Abstract Tebuconazole (TBZ), an azole pesticide, is one of the most frequently detected fungicides in surface water. Despite its harmful effects, mainly related to endocrine disturbance, consequences TBZ exposure amphibians remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated adverse and delayed effects chronic on a native anuran species, often inhabiting cultivated areas, Italian tree frog (Hyla intermedia). To disclose multiple mechanisms action through which exerts toxicity exposed tadpoles over whole larval period two sublethal concentrations (5 50 μg/L), evaluated histological alterations three target organs highly susceptible xenobiotics: liver, kidney, gonads. We also assessed morphometric gravimetric parameters: snout-vent length (SVL), body mass (BM), liver somatic index (LSI), gonad-mesonephros complex (GMCI) determined sex ratio, gonadal development, differentiation. Our results show that induces irreversible H. intermedia, exerting several pathological pathways, including massive inflammatory response. Moreover, markedly affects sexual differentiation by inducing appearance sexually undetermined individuals general delay germ cell maturation. Given paucity data amphibians, our will contribute better understanding environmental risk posed this fungicide endangered group vertebrates.