Long-Term Outcome of Nipple Projection Maintenance After Reconstruction with Clover Flap Technique.

摘要: Nipple reconstruction using local skin flap leaves no morbidity in the healthy nipple. However, one disadvantage of this procedure is that projection not often maintained. There are few reports on rate long-term maintenance nipple projection. This study aimed to analyze 5-year results clover (C-F) determine whether it can be used maintain for long periods and investigate factors involved Patients underwent nipple–areola C-F after undergoing a two-stage implant-based breast with skin-sparing mastectomy between January 2012 December 2019 were included. The reconstructed was measured annually 5 years postoperatively, (%) calculated. influence eight factors, namely smoking, irradiation, scarred skin, pedicle relative scar, location suturing, necrosis, height evaluated. Overall, 275 patients enrolled. average rates at 1–5 surgery 47.1, 39.8, 36.4, 34.6, 33.5. Creating well-vascularized flap, designing farther away from choosing surgical technique involving an oblique scar side by wrapping flaps, including appropriate amount fat tissue inside important maintenance. Nipples artificial mound achieve excellent result. journal requires authors assign level evidence each submission which evidence-based medicine rankings applicable. excludes review articles, book reviews, manuscripts concern basic science, animal studies, cadaver experimental studies. For full description these ratings, please refer Table Contents or online Instructions Authors www.springer.com/00266 .