Characteristics and generation of secondary jets and secondary gigantic jets

摘要: [1] Secondary transient luminous events (TLEs) recorded by the ISUAL-FORMOSAT2 mission can either be secondary jets or gigantic (GJs), depending on their terminal altitudes. The emerge from cloud top beneath preceding sprites and extend upward to base of at ∼50 km. likely are negative electric discharges with vertically straight columns, morphologically resembling trailing jet type-I GJs. number columns in a seems affected size effective capacitor plate formed near charge distribution left behind sprite-inducing positive cloud-to-ground discharges. GJs originate under shielding area sprites, develop reach lower ionosphere ∼90 observed morphology curvy shifted extending outside region occupied pop-through developing through center circular sprites. A key factor determining height TLEs appears local boundary that established abundance thundercloud following may play important role generation TLEs.