Biological embedding of early-life exposures and disease risk in humans: a role for DNA methylation

摘要: Background Following wider acceptance of ‘the thrifty phenotype’ hypothesis and the convincing evidence that early-life exposures can influence adult health even decades after exposure, much interest has been placed on mechanisms through which become biologically embedded. Materials methods In this review, we summarize current literature regarding biological embedding experiences. To end, conducted a search to identify studies investigating in relation DNA methylation changes. In addition, challenges faced investigations epigenetic effects, stemming from peculiarities emergent complex field. A proper systematic review meta-analyses were not feasible given nature evidence. Results We identified seven socio-economic circumstances, 10 childhood obesity six nutrition all relating changes met stipulated inclusion criteria. The pool gathered, albeit small, favours role epigenetics embedding, but replication findings, multiple comparison corrections, publication bias causality are concerns remaining be addressed future investigations. Conclusions Based these results, hypothesize epigenetics, particular methylation, is plausible mechanism embedded. This describes status field acts as stepping stone for future, better designed how might embedded effects.