Consumption-Based Conservation Targeting: Linking Biodiversity Loss to Upstream Demand through a Global Wildlife Footprint

摘要: Although most conservation efforts address the direct, local causes of biodiversity loss, effective long-term will require complementary to reduce upstream economic pressures, such as demands for food and forest products, which ultimately drive these downstream losses. Here, we present a wildlife footprint analysis that links global losses wild birds consumer purchases across 57 sectors in 129 regions. The United States, India, China, Brazil have largest regional footprints, while per-person footprints are highest Mongolia, Australia, Botswana, Arab Emirates. A US$100 purchase bovine meat or rice products occupies approximately 0.1 km2 bird ranges, displacing 1-2 individual birds, 1 year. Globally significant importer regions, including Japan, Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, large elsewhere world represent important targets consumption-focused attention.