Pulmonary Disease Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: Current State and New Insights.

摘要: Since pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) lung disease was last reviewed in CHEST 2008, new information has emerged spanning multiple domains, including epidemiology, transmission and pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment. The overall prevalence of PNTM is increasing, the United States, areas highest are clustered distinct geographic locations with common environmental socioeconomic factors. Although accepted paradigm for continues to be inhalation from environment, provocative reports suggest that person-to-person may occur. A panoply host factors have been investigated an effort elucidate why infection this bacteria develops ostensibly immunocompetent patients, there clarification patients exhibit different histopathology immunocompromised infection. It now evident Mycobacterium abscessus, increasingly prevalent cause disease, can classified into three separate subspecies differing genetic susceptibility or resistance macrolides. Recent publications also raise possibility improved control through enhanced adherence current treatment guidelines as well approaches even prevention. These other recent developments insights inform our approach discussed.