Drug Delivery to the Ischemic Brain

摘要: Cerebral ischemia occurs when blood flow to the brain is insufficient meet metabolic demand. This can result from cerebral artery occlusion that interrupts flow, limits CNS supply of oxygen and glucose, causes an infarction/ischemic stroke. Ischemia initiates a cascade molecular events in neurons cerebrovascular endothelial cells including energy depletion, dissipation ion gradients, calcium overload, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, accumulation ions fluid. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption associated with leads vasogenic edema, primary cause stroke-associated mortality. To date, only single drug has received US Food Drug Administration (FDA) approval for acute ischemic stroke treatment, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). While rt-PA therapy restores perfusion brain, considerable damage reestablished. Therefore, there critical need novel therapeutic approaches "rescue" salvageable and/or protect BBB integrity during One class drugs may enable neural cell rescue following ischemia/reperfusion injury HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (i.e., statins). Understanding potential delivery pathways statins their utility Here, we review delivering treat disease. Specifically, discuss endogenous uptake transporters such as organic anion transporting polypeptides nanotechnology-based carriers optimization delivery. Overall, this chapter highlights state-of-the-art technologies improve pharmacotherapy ischemia.