Mitochondrial gene diversity in the common vole Microtus arvalis shaped by historical divergence and local adaptations.

摘要: The phylogeography of the common vole (Microtus arvalis) was examined by analysing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation in 1044 base pairs (bp) cytochrome b (cytb) gene and 322 bp control region (ctr) among 106 individuals from 58 locations. geographical distribution four previously recognized cytb evolutionary lineages Europe refined a new lineage found southern Germany. All were distributed allopatrically, except one sample that probably located contact zone. occurrence several Alps is keeping with their recent recolonization distinct sources. translation 84 sequences produced 33 proteins relationships differed those haplotypes, suggesting mtDNA did not diverge response to selection. In comparison M. agrestis, neutrality test detected no overall evidence for selection gene, but closer examination structural model showed evolutionarily conserved functionally important positions often affected. A phylogeographical random accumulation nonsynonymous mutations generated significant results three lineages. We therefore conclude molecular diversity arvalis result demographic history populations, there have been episodes local adaptation peculiar environments.