Implementation uncertainty when using recreational hunting to manage carnivores

摘要: 1. Wildlife managers often rely on resource users, such as recreational or commercial hunters, to achieve management goals. The use of hunters control wildlife populations is especially common for predators and ungulates, but cannot assume that will always fill annual quotas set by the authorities. It has been advocated models should account uncertainty in how harvest rules are realized, requiring this implementation be estimated. 2. We used a survival analysis framework long-term data from large carnivore systems three countries (Estonia, Latvia Norway) involving four species (brown bear, grey wolf, Eurasian lynx wolverine) estimate performance with respect goals managers. 3. Variation hunter quota-filling was substantial, ranging 40% wolverine Norway nearly 100% Latvia. Seasonal regional variation also high within country–species pairs. detected positive relationship between instantaneous potential quota slot relative availability target both Norway. 4. Survivor curves hazards – time measured start season until filled can indicate extent which influence through adjustments duration limits. 5. Synthesis applications. investigated seven where authorities hunting manage populations. magnitude deviation underlining need incorporate into decisions-making. illustrate users achieving managers. findings study come at an opportune given growing popularity strategy evaluation (MSE) fisheries push towards incorporating MSE terrestrial management.