Gold Nanorods: From Synthesis and Properties to Biological and Biomedical Applications

摘要: Noble metal nanoparticles are capable of confining resonant photons in such a manner as to induce coherent surface plasmon oscillation their conduction band electrons, phenomenon leading two important properties. Firstly, the confinement photon nanoparticle's dimensions leads large increase its electromagnetic field and consequently great enhancement all radiative properties, absorption scattering. Moreover, by photon's wavelength small dimensions, there exists enhanced imaging resolving powers, which extend well below diffraction limit, property considerable importance potential device applications. Secondly, strongly absorbed light is followed rapid dephasing electron motion tandem with an equally energy transfer lattice, process integral technologically relevant photothermal properties plasmonic nanoparticles. Of possible nanoparticle shapes, gold nanorods especially intriguing they offer strong fields while exhibiting excellent tunability biocompatibility. We begin this review summarizing nonradiative Their various synthetic methods then outlined emphasis on seed-mediated chemical growth. In particular, we describe nanorod spontaneous self-assembly, chemically driven assembly, polymer-based alignment. The final section details current studies aimed at applications biological biomedical fields.