Spatial patterns of white stork (Ciconia ciconia) migratory phenology in the Iberian Peninsula

摘要: In contrast to the attention attracted by temporal trends of phenology, spatial patterns arrivals, departures or stays trans-Saharan birds are still nowadays largely unknown in most their European breeding areas. case white stork (Ciconia ciconia), some studies have attempted describe its migratory throughout countries but, our knowledge, no one has related these kind explanatory variable which offers an ecologically-based explanation for heterogeneous phenology observable among populations. Here, and this species, recorded hundreds Spanish localities, were a set environmental, geographical, biological predictors, modeled multiple regression. The best model arrival dates accounted up 34% variability data pointed towards earlier those populations located south-western Iberia with higher population densities. This last relationship is probably due competition nest-site fidelity maintenance. However, was able explain properly blurred pattern departure dates. Departure decisions strongly influenced social behavior species depend on collective peculiar local environmental conditions each year rather than macrogeographical gradients. Environmental, geographical variables also did not capture much observed length White storks stay longer localities arrivals and, especially, later departures.