Control of energy homeostasis and insulin action by adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation stimulating protein, and adiponectin

摘要: Adipose tissue performs complex metabolic and endocrine functions. This review will focus on the recent literature biology actions of three adipocyte hormones involved in control energy homeostasis insulin action, leptin, acylation-stimulating protein, adiponectin, mechanisms regulating their production. Results from studies individuals with absolute leptin deficiency (or receptor defects), more recently partial deficiency, reveal leptin's critical role normal regulation appetite body adiposity humans. The primary biological appears to be adaptation low intake rather than a brake overconsumption obesity. Leptin production is mainly regulated by insulin-induced changes metabolism. Consumption fat fructose, which do not initiate secretion, results lower circulating levels, consequence may lead overeating weight gain or populations consuming diets high derived these macronutrients. Acylation-stimulating protein acts as paracrine signal increase efficiency triacylglycerol synthesis adipocytes, an action that rapid postprandial lipid clearance. Genetic knockout leads reduced fat, obesity resistance improved sensitivity mice. regulator dietary packaged chylomicrons. Adiponectin increases sensitivity, perhaps increasing oxidation resulting fatty acid levels intramyocellular liver triglyceride content. together normalize severely insulin-resistant animals have very adiponectin due lipoatrophy. also improves reduces hyperlipidemia lipoatrophic stimulated agonists peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; contribute insulin-sensitizing effects this class compounds. all influenced nutritional status. These hormones, pathways controlling production, receptors represent promising targets for managing obesity, hyperlipidemia, resistance.